Everything about The Calder And Hebble Navigation totally explained
The
Calder and Hebble Navigation is a Broad (ie with 14-foot wide locks and bridgeholes) inland
waterway in
West Yorkshire,
England, which has remained navigable since it was opened.
History
By the beginning of the
18th century, the
Aire and Calder Navigation had made the
River Calder navigable as far upstream as
Wakefield. The aim of the Calder and Hebble Navigation was to extend navigation west (upstream) from
Wakefield to
Sowerby Bridge near
Halifax.
The first attempt at obtaining an Act of Parliament was defeated in 1740, as a result of opposition from local landowners and from millers, who thought that navigation would disrupt their water supply. Following a new survey by the
civil engineer John Smeaton in 1757, an Act was obtained in 1758, for a somewhat different route, and construction was started soon afterwards by Smeaton (assisted by
William Jessop). Smeaton was replaced by James Brindley in 1765, who was in turn replaced by Smeaton again in 1768. The navigation originally consisted of improved stretches of the
River Calder with short "cuts" between sections of the river to avoid circuitous stretches,
shoals and the
weirs that supplied mills along the course of the river. Construction of the initial phase was finished in
1770 In order to avoid disputes with the mill owners along the length of the River Hebble, water supply was obtained by building a tunnel from the basin at Salterhebble to a pit near the top lock. The tunnel was long, and the water was pumped from the pit to the top pound by a steam engine.
Further Information
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